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Books & Resources Sign Language Interpreting The Sign Language Translator and Interpreter Journal
| The Sign Language Translator and Interpreter Journal |
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| Thursday, 08 March 2007 | |
The Sign Language Translator and Interpreter Journal
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The Sign Language Translator and InterpreterEditorGraham Turner. Heriot-Watt University, Scotland, UKVolume 1, Number 1, 2007
Editorial: 37 Metres in 12 Seconds. Sign language translation and interpreting leave ‘terra firma’, pp 1-14 Graham Turner (Heriot-Watt University, UK)
There is now a body of scholarship and social action which testifies to the establishment of sign language translation and interpreting as a defined occupational and academic field; from the formation of professional associations and the codification of guidelines for practitioners, via the publication of doctoral theses on the subject and the launch of higher educational courses for student interpreters, to the development of international patterns of engagement and exchange under the auspices of the World Association of Sign Language Interpreters (WASLI). This editorial outlines the key aims of the new journal, which aspires to addressing the needs of service ‘users’ and of ‘providers’ in the field of sign language translation and interpreting in ways that should ensure that it is of much more than ‘purely academic’ interest. The editor argues, however, that the establishment of a peer-reviewed journal should also be a clear signal that the field is one where there is now felt to be a platform upon which to build understandings of communicative phenomena offering meaningful contributions to knowledge and scientific enquiry. To establish a journal in this context is an act which should be seen as serving both to reflect the authentic maturity of the established field and, at the same time, further to construct, frame and focus that maturity. The radical element embodied by this journal, at least in terms of intent, is the aspiration for coherent and comprehensive engagement with the traditions, principles and advances of translation and interpreting studies broadly construed.
Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?: A Bibliometrical Analysis of Writings and Research on Sign Language Interpreting, pp 15-51 Nadja Grbic (Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Austria)
The fundamental differences between the relevant languages and communities have a profound influence on professional sign language interpreting situations. Interpretation serves to reflect and to create social and cultural values. Through a quantitative bibliometrical analysis of works on sign language interpreting published between 1970 and 2005, this article investigates the ways in which sign language interpreting has been addressed in print over time. The central question is this: to what extent has research into sign language interpreting influenced the broader map of knowledge? The analysis explores what topics have been addressed; which research questions have proven to be central; which methods have been considered to be helpful; and the way in which production as a whole has developed over time, with reference to the relationship between research into sign language interpreting and translation and interpreting studies in general. A range of areas for future development are identified.
Deaf Translators/Interpreters’ Rendering Processes: The Translation of Oral Languages, pp 53-72 Christopher Stone (DCAL Research Centre, University College London, UK)
The rendering of English to BSL within television settings provides an opportunity to identify ways in which written languages are translated into oral languages (Ong 1982, Furniss 2004). This research explores the process that Deaf and hearing translators/ interpreters (T/Is) follow when rendering English television broadcast news into British Sign Language (BSL). The distribution of blinks is compared in Deaf and hearing translators/interpreters to illuminate the role of preparation and rehearsal. Think-aloud-protocols are used to explore whether differences between the two groups point to a contrast between translation and interpretation processes. The exploration of similarities and differences between Deaf and hearing T/Is enables the identification of a Deaf translation norm, which in turn can provide guidance to hearing T/Is in approaches to translation tasks.
Visions of Equality: Translating Power in a Deaf Sermonette, pp 73-114
Jennifer Rayman (California State University, Sacramento, USA)
Language is often used to navigate concepts of equality between deaf and hearing people. This article looks in depth at a particular interpreted language event at the dedication service of a newly purchased church building, examining how power relations between deaf and hearing people are represented differently in the source and interpreted texts. The analysis focuses on the use of indexing and labelling to position deaf and hearing people in relation to each other and examines what may happen when the interpreter and the speaker have conflicting goals for the delivered message, or conflicting ideologies about key concepts such as equality. In order to fully understand the deaf construction of equality found in the source text, a detailed analysis of the signed source text is presented, looking at rhetorical constructions, indexing and labelling. When examining the interpreted (target) text, possible motivations for shifts in meaning, rooted in the interpreter’s own ideologies of equality and inclusivity, are explored. The study reveals how interpreters’ personal and cultural values may influence their linguistic choices and ultimately change the potential impact of a delivered message to an audience.
Intralingual and Interlingual Subtitling: A Discussion of the Mode and Medium in Film Translation, pp 115-141 Svenja Wurm (Heriot-Watt University, UK)
Next to interpreting and ‘translation proper’, there is another discipline relevant to the Deaf community that benefits from translation theories: subtitling. No matter whether the subtitles have to be transferred into another language for a foreign audience or whether they remain within the same language, particularly for a d/Deaf audience, the subtitler needs to make informed choices dealing with the problem of transferring the spoken dialogue of the source film into the written mode of subtitles. Whereas spoken dialogue allows people to reveal their character and identity through their language, most apparently within dialect and register, writing is mainly used as a standardized, polished mode of communication where the revelation of any personal characteristics is reduced. How do filmmakers effectively use spoken language and the audio channel in general to give identity to their films’ characters and how might this be represented in the written subtitles? Using a Hallidayan functional linguistic framework, this article presents a comparative analysis of the English-German interlingual and the English intralingual subtitles of recent DVD versions of two seminal feature films, Stanley Kubrick’s futuristic socio-critical film A Clockwork Orange and Woody Allen’s comedic drama Manhattan.
WASLI – Past Present Future, pp 143-156 Zane Hema (World Association of Sign Language Interpreters)
The World Association of Sign Language Interpreters (WASLI) was formally established on 23 July 2003 in Montreal, Canada, during the 14th World Congress of the World Federation of the Deaf. It would take a further two years, however, before WASLI would hold its Inaugural Conference. This event was significant for many reasons; it took place in South Africa; it brought together over 200 sign language interpreters from over 40 different countries from all corners of the world; it saw the culmination of years of preparation and ground work that would see the Association agree a vision, formalize the Governing Document and set in place the structures and procedures by which it would function. Part one of this paper provides a description of how WASLI came into being, identifying significant events and individuals that played a key role in the development of the World Association. Part two provides a context in which the objectives of the World Association are clarified so the reader can begin to understand the role of WASLI as a global organization. Part three is a ‘global glimpse’ of the sign language interpreting profession and part four concludes with an account of what lies ahead for WASLI.
Book Reviews (Review Editor: Jemina Napier, Macquarie University, Australia)
Basil Hatim and Jeremy Munday: Translation: An Advanced Resource Book (Jeffrey Davis, USA)
Marc Marschark, Rico Peterson and Elizabeth A. Winston (eds): Sign Language Interpreting and Interpreter Education: Directions for Research and Practice (Frank Harrington, UK)
Frank Harrington and Graham H. Turner (eds): Interpreting Interpreting: Studies & Reflections on Sign Language Interpreting (Holly Mikkelson, USA)
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